When identifying the learning support of dyslexic pupils, the same :: Education

When identifying the learning support of dyslexic pupils, the same underlying principle of careful assessment of skills an â€Å" When identifying the learning support of dyslexic pupils, the same underlying principle of careful assessment of skills and strategies should apply to literacy and numeracy. Discuss the implications for classroom practice. In this essay I will be discussing the importance of careful assessment in the management of dyslexia with particular reference to literacy and numeracy and the subsequent implications that this will have on classroom practice. Current theory shows that although there is no one definition for dyslexia it is widely recognised as being a specific learning disability of neurological origin that does not imply low intelligence or poor educational background It is were the language section of the brain is not developed in the normal way,so preventing the acquisition of phonological skills ,decoding and encoding of words.These difficulties are believed to be due to the inherited aspects of language processing.The neurological bases of dyslexia are now well founded and reflected in the current definitions of the term.The British Dyslexia Association (1996) produced the following definition; â€Å"Dyslexia is a neurological condition, which is constitutional in origin. The symptoms may affect many areas of learning and function and may be described as a specific difficulty in reading , spelling , and written language. One or more of these areas may be affected.Numeracy ,notational skills (music), may also be involved. However ,it is particularly related to mastering written language, although oral language may be affected to some degree.† The Dyslexia Institute (1997)defined dyslexia as â€Å"a problem dealing with words and symbols that make it hard for a dyslexic person to learn to read write and spell and sometimes causes difficulty with mathematics and music†. Dyslexia is therefore a disorder in the cognitive processing system of the brain which presents itself with difficulties with organisatonal skills ,short term memory problems ,reading ,writing and spelling problems and to some extent difficulties in numeracy. A dyslexic pupil may have problems with word retrieval and pronounciaton ,difficulties with rhyme and alliteration, sequencing problems and naming.Singleton an E.

Stock Exchange of Thailand

Table of Content | | History of SET| 1| Establishment of SET| 1| Vision & Mission| 1| Regulatory Framework of the Capital Market| 2| Operations| 3| Board of Governors| 3| Management| 4| SET’s Role| 5| Corporate Governance Center| 6| Products and Services| 6| Revenue Structure| 12| Financial Events that Affect SET| 12| SET and the World Stock Exchange| 15| SET and Asian Stock Exchanges| 16| Comparison of SET, SGX and NYSE| 17| Index Composition Comparison between SGX and SET| 18| Stock Index Comparison| 18| Future move of SETConclusion| 2022| Stock Exchange of Thailand History of the Stock Exchange of ThailandThe modern Thai Capital Market was started in 1961 when Thailand implemented its first five-year National Economic and Social Development Plan. It supports the promotion of economic growth and stability as well as develops the Kingdom's standard of living. After that, the Second National Economic and Social Development Plan (1967-1971) proposed to set up an orderly securit ies market in order to gather additional capital to support Thailand's industrialization and economic development. The modern Thai capital market can be divided into two phases, â€Å"The Bangkok Stock Exchange† which was privately owned and â€Å"The Securities Exchange of Thailand†.The BSE finally ceased operations in the early 1970s because of a lack of official government support and a limited investor understanding of the equity market Establishment of the Stock Exchange of Thailand Despite the failure of the BSE, the concept of an orderly security market had attracted a lot of Thai people attention. In 1969, as recommended by the World Bank, the government acquired the services of Professor Sidney M. Robbins from Columbia University to study the development channels of the Thai capital market.In 1972 the Government took a further step in this direction by improving the â€Å"Announcement of the Executive Council No. 58 on the Control of Commercial Undertakings A ffecting Public Safety and Welfare†. The changes were allowed Government to control more over the operations of finance and securities companies. After that, in 1974, â€Å"The Securities Exchange of Thailand† (SET) was enacted allowing the investment to save in the capital market. By 1975, the basic legislative framework was in place and the Securities Exchange of Thailand officially started trading.On January 1, 1991 its name was formally changed to â€Å"The Stock Exchange of Thailand† (SET). Vision Empowering business and investors through our strengths to match the right financial opportunities Mission Clients and Intermediaries â€Å"Expand business issuers and investor base by satisfying their financial needs and strengthening intermediaries for mutual growth and success† Products and Services â€Å"Offer a wide range of attractive products and services to create value and match financial opportunities across different segments of business and inve stors† Operations Operate with flawless execution according to international standards to ensure efficiency, effectiveness, flexibility and global connectivity† People and Culture â€Å"Inspire staff to perform up to their fullest potential and create a corporate culture that aims at achieving excellence in matching the right financial opportunities for business and investors† Regulatory Framework of the Capital Market The Securities and Exchange Act of 1992 (SEA), specified the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) as the regulator of the Thai Capital Market.While the SEC oversees the development of the Kingdom's capital market, the Bank of Thailand (BOT) is responsible for the country's money market. Primary Market The SEC looked over a company that wants to issue new securities, an initial public offering (IPO) or additional securities to the public. The company must first apply for SEC approval and comply with its filing requirements. Then, the SEC is requi red to review the financial status and operations of the company before allowing the firm to issue securities to the public. Secondary MarketSecurities may be traded in the secondary market once the issuer has applied for and been approval by the SET. Operations The Stock Exchange of Thailand is a juristic entity that was set up under the Securities Exchange of Thailand Act, B. E. 2517 (1974). Operations started on April 30, 1975. Its main operations include securities listing, supervision of listed companies and information disclosure, trading, market surveillance and member supervision, information dissemination and investor education. Moreover, its duty is to promote saving and long term financial planning for developing the economy.SET is a center for trading of listed securities without distributing any profit to members. Board of governors Regulatory Framework The SET Board of Governors is comprised of a maximum of eleven people, five of whom are appointed by the SEC, and five who are elected by SET members. The SET President, appointed by the Board, is an ex-officio member of the Board. The Board is also responsible for formulating the SET policies. Management The organizational chart of SET can be classified into two major parts which are Exchange Function and CMDF Function.Each function’s organizational structure can be seen below. | | SET's Role The Stock Exchange of Thailand has been continuously improved the management system of listed Thai companies to have good governance. SET was started to study about the roles  of audit committee in 1995 before the financial crisis. After that, it issued a listing requirement indicating that all listed companies have an audit committee in early 1998. In that year, the SET also issued a guideline namely â€Å"Code of Best Practices for Directors of Listed Companies† to be a guild role of audit committee.Two years later, the Good Corporate Governance Committee, consisting of representatives from a variety of professional organizations, disseminated a report on corporate governance which set a framework to be used by organizations in the Thai capital market for developing good corporate governance systems and practices. The Thai government designated the â€Å"Compass for Good Corporate Governance† and set up the National Corporate Governance Committee (NCGC). In the same year, SET also proposed fifteen principles of good corporate governance for listed companies to implement.The listed companies have to apply the fifteen principles and are required to demonstrate in their annual registration statement (Form 56-1) and annual reports starting from the accounting period ending December 31, 2002. In July 2002, the SET has established the Corporate Governance Center to help listed companies develop their corporate governance system. The Center provides consulting services to and exchanges ideas about corporate governance practices with directors and executives of listed c ompanies, as well as those of firms preparing to be listed companies.Corporate Governance Center Background The SET has established the Corporate Governance Center to support listed companies. It encourages the company to have good corporate governance and stakeholders include shareholders, suppliers, customers, creditors, employees, and the community etc. Corporate Governance Center builds to have confidence investment in Thai capital market which support the knowledge about corporate governance including the developing good corporate governance system and practices. . The Center of consulting service Giving advises and exchange idea about corporate governance practices with directors and executives of listed companies as well as those of firms preparing to be listed companies. 2. Corporate Governance Self Assessment Evaluation was followed by the rule of listing company 3. Producing and disseminating a variety of information and materials as guidelines. 4. Holding activities to he lp educate listed companies' directors and executives. Products and ServicesOne of the SET’s missions is to â€Å"Offer a wide range of attractive products and services to create value and match financial opportunities across different segments of business and investors. † SET has continuously developed new products and services and improved the system to satisfy needs of the investors. SET group supervises trading activities and market participants to ensure that the market is fair, orderly, and transparent. The products and services of SET are as following. Product The products that SET offers can be classified into 5 major categories; equities, bonds, derivatives, exchange-traded fund (ETF), and derivative warrants.The more details of each type are discussed as following. 1. Equities Equity trading is the trading of securities issued by public companies where shareholders have a direct stake in the company as well as the right to vote in shareholders’ meeting s. The secondary markets for equities trading are The Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET) and Market for Alternative Investment (MAI). Types of equities are ordinary shares, preferred share, warrants, unit trusts, non-voting depository receipt, and depository receipt (DR). SET and MAI are different in terms of the types of equities traded.On SET, investors can trade all types of equities, whereas on MAI preferred shares and depository receipt (DR) are not traded. Market for Alternative Investment or MAI was established in June 1999 in order to encourage the smaller firms with potential high growth and innovation. MAI serves as a new fund-raising source for such firms and new alternative investments for investors who are interested. The vision of MAI is â€Å"We strive to be the right and efficient exchange creating value for high potential, innovative and ventures companies in ASEAN. † The core values of MAI are to be focus, accountable, networking, zealous, and innovative. . Bo nds After a bond is issued and sold in the primary market, the bond can be electronically traded through Bond Electronic Exchange (BEX), where investors can buy and sell bonds. The market was first launched on November 26th, 2003, and its goal is â€Å"to develop all facets of the Thai bond market to reach an international standard, on par with other mature bond markets in the rest of the world†. 3. Derivatives Derivatives are traded through Thailand Futures Exchange or TFEX which was established on May 17th, 2004. TFEX play a big role in Thailand economy in stabilizing and sustaining financial market and corporates.Derivatives are used to protect companies from unanticipated change of underlying assets which might be the raw material of the company. In other words, TFEX allows investors to hedge their risk by utilizing derivative products. TFEX has continuously introduced new products to be traded on the market. Up to the present, TFEX has a total of 11 products in 5 categor ies, which are equity, interest rate, precious metal, energy, and currency. First category, equity derivatives have a total of 4 types, which are SET 50 Index Futures, SET 50 Index Options, Sector Index Futures, and Single Stock Future.Second, derivatives that are traded on interest rate are 3-Month BIBOR Futures, 6-Month THBFIX Futures, and 5-Year Government Bond Futures. Third, derivatives for precious metal are 10 Baht Gold Futures, 50 Baht Gold Futures, and Silver Futures. Forth, derivative on energy price is Brent Crude Oil Futures. Fifth, the currency derivative is USD Futures. 4. ETF Exchange-traded fund or ETF is an open-ended mutual fund which is traded on the stock exchange. Through brokers, ETF investors can buy and sell at any time during the trading hours at the prevailing price when the order is executed.The main difference between normal mutual funds and ETF is that mutual fund is normally traded via asset management company or a fund issuer at the end of the trading day while ETF has real-time NAV or Indicative NAV which is calculated throughout the trading hours. With the help of designated market maker or liquidity provider, it allows investors to trade at the market price at any time. ETF is a passive management fund since it basically invests in a basket of underlying stocks which can be SET 50 Index, a stock sector index, commodity index and commodity price such as gold price and oil price.Mostly, ETF is the replicate of a stock index, making the expense and management fee lower for ETF. In contrast, mutual fund is more active making the cost of management more expensive as well. 5. Derivative Warrants (DW) Derivative Warrants give the holder right to buy a stock or an underlying security at the pre-determined price within the stated period for certain quantity. The issuer of derivative warrant is a third party, not the issuer of the underlying securities. Warrants and Derivative Warrants are different in many aspects, as shown in the foll owing table Services 1. Information serviceDue to SET comprehensive, accurate and up-to-date source of Thai listed companies information, SET provides information service for customers who would like to access and disseminate trading or listed company information either with commercial or non-commercial purpose. Major customers of this service are member companies, data vendors, presses, academic institutes, mutual funds, governmental agencies and general investors. SET Information Service is classified into 3 categories; a. Datafeed (raw data for further application) b. SETSMART or SET Market Analysis and Reporting Tool c.IR website service for SET listed companies 2. Listing service on SET Companies that are interested in listing itself on SET have to meet many rules and regulations. Being a listed company gives the company many advantages. The company will have a larger source of long-term capital that is crucially important to enhance its operation, expansion and competitiveness . The company will obtain a better and positive public image due to its high standard and transparency giving the company with higher bargaining power and company’s credibility. Application fees| Initial fees| Annual fees| | THB 50,000| 0. 5% of paid-up capital ( With minimum and maximum of THB 100,000 – THB 3,000,000 )| Regressive rate varies with the level of paid up capital as follows:   | less than| THB 200 M. | at 0. 035 % of paid-up capital| THB 200 M. | < Capital

Essay about Franklin D. Roosevelt a Great American Leader

Franklin D. Roosevelt: A Great American Leader Kevin J. Keller Edison State College Abstract I have chosen to focus my research on Franklin Delano Roosevelt, the 32nd president of the United States of America. I feel that Franklin D. Roosevelt provides an excellent example of everything that a leader should be. Arguably one of the greatest presidents in United States history, Franklin D. Roosevelt is the only American president to be elected to four terms. In this paper I will discuss the history of Roosevelt’s life prior to him initially being elected president in 1932. I will discuss the traits, motives, and characteristics that inspired Roosevelt to be an effective leader, along with his behaviors, attitudes, and leadership†¦show more content†¦In addition, this experience helped Roosevelt to develop his self-confidence and assertiveness. During his time at Harvard, Roosevelt experienced a series of life changing events. In his first year at the school, Franklin’s father James passed away, causing his mother Sara to relocate to Boston, as to be closer to her son (Brinkley, 2000). Also at this time, Franklin began to take an interest in his distant cousin, Theodore Roosevelt’s niece Eleanor (Brinkley, 2000). The couple would begin to date in 1902; by 1904 they were engaged and in 1905 they were married (Brinkley, 2000). After finishing his studies at Harvard, Franklin Roosevelt chose to follow in the footsteps of his cousin Theodore and enter into politics, choosing to associate himself with the Democratic Party instead of his cousins Republican Party (Beschloss amp; Sidey, 2009). Roosevelt held his first elected position in 1910, when he was elected to serve as a New York state Senator (Beschloss amp; Sidey, 2009). Roosevelt was reelected to the state senate in 1912, but he didn’t finish his second term as he was asked in 1913 by President Woodrow Wilson to serve as his Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Brinkley, 2000). This position marked Roosevelt’s first experience as a politician on the natio nal level. Franklin Roosevelt served this position throughout the entirety of World War I. He wasShow MoreRelatedFranklin D. Roosevelt : An Effective American President And Leader1509 Words   |  7 PagesThe Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt Thesis: Franklin D. Roosevelt was an effective American president and leader. Franklin D. Roosevelt was a powerful leader and one of the most highly regarded presidents in American history. He connected well with American people, had a strong character, possessed a clear vision for America, had valuable political skills, and could lead people in challenging times. With recent development with radio technology, his democratic views had a great influence and heRead MoreFranklin Delano Roosevelt Essay1685 Words   |  7 PagesAfter taking this class and learning about leadership I think that there are many qualities to leadership. I believe an effective leader should demonstrate teamwork, integrity, compassion, respect, good communication skills, the ability to listen to others, have the ability to delegate, have confidence, initiative, a positive attitude, be creative, have self-discipline, be responsible, have courage, charisma, character, competence, passion, problem solving skills, and most of all, be teachable. TheseRead MoreBook Review on Fdr Essay1088 Words   |  5 PagesMeagan Beckwith U.S History 1302 23 June 2013 Professor Wooten Book Review on Franklin D. Roosevelt Franklin D. Roosevelt was the 32nd President of the United States. While being president he was trying to lead our country through a time of economic depression and total war. Franklin D. Roosevelt was one of the most important leaders of the 20th century. Alan Brinkley, the author of Franklin Delano Roosevelt, wrote this biography in order to show Roosevelt’s life from childhood to presidencyRead MoreThe Legacy Of Franklin D. Roosevelt1333 Words   |  6 Pages Wisdom, knowledge, greatness and power are a few words that come to mind when thinking about our 32nd president of the United States, Franklin Delano Roosevelt. He’s one of America’s greatest presidents who accomplished more than we could have hoped for. A man of few words citizens would say, yet each word was a something to remember. I believe that he was in fact the most effective president the US has had so far. This president was the most precise, straightforward president; he got what was neededRead Moreâ€Å"The Big Three†. When Great Britain Elected Winston S.1037 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Big Three† When Great Britain elected Winston S. Churchill to be prime minister of Great Britain, he announced, â€Å"I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears, and sweat.† Certain great leaders in World War II were elected in times of crisis. However, all of them decided to fight back against it. Many of these leaders devoted their lives fighting for their country. They fought back against the Axis leaders (Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, and Emperor Hirohito) who wanted the world to be perfectRead MoreThe Life of Franklin D. Roosevelt1005 Words   |  5 PagesA mention of the name, Roosevelt D. Franklin to most Americans, rekindles the memories of the Second World War, the Manhattan projects and the subsequent bombing of two Japanese cities. What most of these people fail to understand is that Roosevelts presidency was the Second World War. Turth be told, Roosevelt is one the greatest presidents the United States ever had based on his personality and the challenges he faced wh ile in the White House. This paper discusses a number of aspects about oneRead MorePresident Franklin Delano Roosevelt932 Words   |  4 PagesPresident Franklin Delano Roosevelt, was instrumental in his efforts to reshape and rebuild the United States from a struggling state making his endeavors a personal attachment in American history. First of all, Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s background consisted of, growing up in the country of New York. He attended private school, following Harvard and Colombia law school paving the way for his future civic duty, according to, Faragher, 2009. In 1910, Roosevelt served as an assistant secretary ofRead MoreThe Legacy Of Franklin Delano Roosevelt872 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Three Presidents dominate American history: George Washington, who founded the country; Abraham Lincoln, who preserved it; Franklin Delano Roosevelt, who rescued it from economic collapse and led it to victory in the greatest war of all time.†(Smith XI). Franklin Delano Roosevelt was the only President to serve four terms and had two great, important crisis in his presidency. He truly was a great leader, because he gave the people a sense of security during an era of distress. Although winningRead MorePresident Franklin D. Roosevelt959 Words   |  4 Pagesindividual as a great leader. Pres ident Franklin D. Roosevelt is a prime example of a great leader. In 1933 Roosevelt became the 32nd president of the United States, and led Americans through various series of events. But like many accomplishments every great leader faced challenges and Roosevelt was no exception. This paper will analyze Franklin D. Roosevelt accomplishments, challenges, and leadership style. During his presidential time Roosevelt led Americans through the Great Depression and WorldRead MoreFranklin D. Roosevelt: The Thirty- Second President of United States710 Words   |  3 PagesFranklin D. Roosevelt, the 32 president of the United States of America. His life began on January 30th of the year 1882 in Hyde Park, New York. Family was not so big. He had both of his parents. His parents were Sara Delano and James Roosevelt. Roosevelt did have only one sibling he was a half-brother named James Roosevelt. His mother passed away when he was 59 and his father passed away when he was 18. Roosevelt was home schooled until 1896 by the school Groton School in Massachusetts. He attended

Meanings of Santo in Spanish

Catholicism has always been the dominant religion in countries where Spanish is dominant. So it shouldnt come as any surprise that some words related to the religion have come to have broad meanings. One such word is santo, which is most commonly translated as saint as a noun, holy as an adjective. (Like the English words saint and sanctify, santo comes from the Latin word sanctus, meaning holy.) According to the Diccionario de la lengua espaà ±ola, santo has no less than 16 meanings. Among them: Perfect and free of sin.A person declared as such by the Church.A virtuous person.Said of something that is dedicated to God or a holy service.Said of something that is generated.Describing a religious festival.Sacred.Holy.Said of something that brings good luck.Characteristic of the Catholic church.A persons saints day or name day.A spouse.A picture of a saint.A type of portrait in a book. In many cases, holy is a good translation of santo  as an adjective, even when it isnt to be understood literally. For example, No sabà ­amos que està ¡bamos en suelo santo could be translated as We didnt know we were on holy ground. Santo also is used in a variety of idioms and phrases. Here are some of them:  ¿A santo de quà ©?: Why in the world?Llegar y besar el santo: to succeed at something immediately or on the first try. (Su sustituto, Juanjo, llegà ³ y besà ³ el santo: gol en su primer partido. His substitute, Juanjo, pulled it off right away: a goal in the first period.)Campo santo: cemetery.Espà ­ritu Santo: Holy Spirit, Holy Ghost.Guerra santa: holy war.Hierba santa or hoja santa: a type of tropical herb.Hora santa: prayer is given before the Eucharist, or in commemoration of the suffering of Jesus.Hueso de santo: a type of almond pastry in the shape of a bone.Lengua santa: the Hebrew language.Mano de santo: fast and complete cure for an ailment or problem.Quedarse para vestir santos: to remain unmarried (said of a woman).Santa Faz: an image of the face of Jesus.Santa Sede: Holy See.Santo de cara: good luck. (Cierto es que no todo el mundo tiene el santo de cara. Its certain that not everyone has good luck.)Santo de espaldas: bad luck. (Los habitantes de El à dolo descri ben a 1998 con una frase: Tuvimos al santo de espaldas. The residents of El Idolo describe 1998 with the phrase: We had bad luck.)Santo de pajares: a person whose sainthood cant be trusted.Santo y seà ±a: military password.Semana Santa: Holy Week (the week preceding Easter, including Good Friday).Tierra Santa: Holy Land. Santo can function as either a noun or adjective. As such it is frequently used in additional forms santa, santos and santas. Of course, Santo and its variations also have been used as a title of sorts before the names of Saints: San Josà © (St. Joseph), Santa Teresa (St. Teresa). Sample Sentences Showing Uses of Santo Jerusalà ©n, Santiago de Compostela y Roma son las principales ciudades santas del cristianismo. (Jerusalem, Santiago de Compostela, and Rome are the main holy cities of Christianity.) El Estado Islà ¡mico instà ³ a los musulmanes a lanzar una guerra santa contra los rusos y los estadounidenses. (The Islamic State urged Muslims to launch a holy war against the Russians and the Americans.) Mi santo y yo somos incompatibles en gustos cinematogrà ¡ficos. My husband and I are incompatible in which movies we like. El Jueves Santo es el momento central de la Semana Santa y del aà ±o lità ºrgico. Maundy Thursday is the climax of Holy Week and of the liturgical year. El jazz no es santo de mi devocià ³n. Jazz isnt my cup of tea.

Fahrenheit 451 study questions and answers part 1 The...

Fahrenheit 451 The temperature at which book paper catches fire, and burns†¦ Ray Bradbury Part One: The Hearth and the Salamander Part 1: The Hearth and the Salamander 1. a) When does this story take place? The story takes place in the future, approximately 500 years from the time this book was written, so we estimate around the year 2450. The story is also set in the autumn. b) What clue does the author offer to support this theory on page 4? The author uses technology that doesn’t exist yet to support his theory. The example on page 4 would be:  « the silent air-propelled train slid soundlessly down its lubricated flue in the earth and let him out with a great puff of warm air onto the cream-tiled escalator rising to the suburb.  » On†¦show more content†¦The first machine pumps out the poison with a tube that went into her stomach. It had a camera at the end of it that the operator looked through. The other machine served as a blood transfusion mechanism. It replaced the contaminated blood with new one. b) What is significant about the manner in which the â€Å"Operators† saved Mildred’s life? (p. 14-15) The fact that it was a the operators saved Mildred in a very mechanical way, instead of doctors, shows us how evolved the technology has become. It is also significant in the sense that it is done in a casual manner and that it is very normal to do so in this world. c) Why do you think Mildred decided to take all of these pills? I think Mildred decided to take all of these pills because she was not satisfied with her life. She knew there was better ways to live and decided that she could never achieve this way of living because of her social status. We know there are a lot of these cases when the operator says: â€Å"We get these cases nine or ten a night. Got so many, starting a few years ago, we had the special machines built.† 9. What is the significance of Guy’s meeting with Clarisse? What effect does it have on him? Guy’s meeting with Clarisse is very significant because it opens him to the thought process. He never stopped to analyse anything before. He just did what he was supposed to do, like burn books. It has the effect that he is beginning to think things out. Example: â€Å"OfShow MoreRelatedFahrenheit 451704 Words   |  3 PagesSTUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS FOR FAHRENHEIT 451 As you read each section of the novel, answer briefly the following questions. Part I: The Hearth and the Salamander (pages 1-65) 1. What do the firemen do for a living? In our world, firemen fight fires. In â€Å"Fahrenheit 451, â€Å"the firemen burns books. They do this to fight ideas and to keep their society safe from disruptive influences. 2. What is never washed off completely? In Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury, Montag says that â€Å"you never wash it off completely

Marketing Plan for Compost in Nepal Free Essays

string(139) " as well are free from different taxes helping us to operate at optimal level bringing about profit which is to be reinvested in the same\." INTERNATIONAL AMERICAN UNIVERSITY PRESIDENTIAL BUSINESS SCHOOL Buddhanagar, Kathmandu A Report on Marketing Plan of Nepal Recycling Company Ltd. In partial fulfillment of the MBA IInd semester project submission requirement Submitted to : Submitted by : Mr. Sujan Raja ShresthaAshim Shrestha Lecturer, Marketing Management Gyanman Bade Niranjan P. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Plan for Compost in Nepal or any similar topic only for you Order Now Bajracharya Sangeeta Ghale Shreya Joshi As on 21 March 20, 2013 Table of Contents I. Executive Summary A. Summary of situation analysis B. Summary of marketing objectives C. Summary of marketing strategies D. Budget summary II. Situation Analysis A. The Industry 1. History of the industry III. Executive Summary Summary of Situational Analysis In developed countries, the main motivations for waste reduction are frequently related to legislation, environmental protection, the scarcity of sites for landfills, and the risks associated with toxic materials. The same considerations apply in developing countries to large metropolitan areas that are subject to many economic and environmental pressures. Urban centres which do not have effective collection and disposal systems should not devote resources to developing waste reduction measures until adequate waste management systems are in place. For this, or other reasons, solid waste managers in developing countries tend to pay little attention to the issue of reducing organic wastes which make up from 50 per cent to 90 per cent of the total waste generated. Management of solid waste is a growing concern in Nepal as urban population densities increase and flat usable land is in short supply. Although small urban centres were declared to be municipalities2, they suffer from a lack of infrastructural and technical resources to tackle the problem of waste management. With increasing public awareness about good health and a clean environment, solid waste management has now come to the top of the priorities of the municipalities in Nepal. When the environmental impacts of proposed landfills are being investigated, it is often found that residents refuse to accept landfill sites near their homes and local leaders from various political parties are often involved in protests against proposed landfill locations. Though the Local Self Governance Act of 1999 has empowered municipalities to take every necessary action at the local level, the absence of elected representatives3 since 1998 has been causing difficulties in its implementation. Even though collection systems are still not in place, most of the municipalities are expressing their desire to develop final disposal systems. They are also promoting waste reduction, reuse and recycling among local communities. Some of the 58 municipalities in various parts of the country are providing effective house-to-house waste collection services and some are making good progress towards final disposal. For this review, communities and private sector service providers have been selected according to their present performance in waste reduction. Priority is given to those community-based organizations (CBOs) and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) that are playing effective roles in waste reduction at source, collection, processing and recycling. Table 1 provides details of the regions and municipalities in Nepal. Where do we stand ? Nepal Recycling Company’s area of business will be to collect, recycle/compost, and market waste from municipality waste processing plants for use use as a consumer good. This recycled product will meet two critical needs: 1. It will help people to better manage their organic wastes. 2. It will give municipalities a feasible and cost effective alternative to landfilling the waste, and 3. It will help meet the growing demand for organic soil enhancers and fertilizers. The material that will be recycled is human waste sludge. Our recycled waste will be targeted toward fertilizer manufacturers, nurseries, landscapers, farmers, government agencies, golf courses, and others. All of these potential customers will benefit from the compost’s numerous soil enhancing characteristics. Landfills are filling up and costs of disposal are rising. Also there are a lot of problem in managing human sludge. This is a unique and viable concept that addresses the needs of various customers and reaches an  untapped market with tremendous growth potential. One of the most attractive aspects is that the business is projected to attain a strong cash position and achieve profitability in the third year of operation. Due to a large need for these products and services, and a lack of direct competition, our projection of quick profitability is attainable. Research will be an ongoing process for the company; one particular area of interest is the possibility of qualifying the product as a fertilizer. In this case, the profitability of the product would nearly double A. Summary of marketing objectives Specific: Our goal of the company is to initially promote recycled product as for now â€Å"compost † to the customers bringing about awareness about the use of recycled product in focus the compost against the use of chemical fertilizers. We are to capture the market of the compost industry within the next two years by providing high quality organic composts at the rate lower or equal to the local rate but cheaper than the chemical fertilizers. We aim to sell our products to large segments : local farmers, industrial farmers, golf course and ultimately export the products. We aim at slow ascend in the profit curve rather than a rapid one. Measurable: We aim to take 20% of the market share within the first year and slowly increase to 30%. With the availability of input using human sludge and other organic waste, we are less in operating cost that merits us to sell our product at low cost. We are in collaboration with the government so we don’t have to incur any of the business taxes as the industry is currently targeted to social welfare with a little amount of profit. Achievable: We ensure to possess the latest recycling plant and quality assurance team in the industry. We also have the best marketing professionals to increase our sale. We currently are running our industry with the support of government assistance as well as different NGO working for the environment welfare, so we have sufficient funds as well are free from different taxes helping us to operate at optimal level bringing about profit which is to be reinvested in the same. You read "Marketing Plan for Compost in Nepal" in category "Papers" Also our customers, as Nepal being an agricultural country , we have easy customers. The only thing our marketing team has to do is to aware the customers about the use of compost and its advantages against the other chemical fertilizers. We are also in collaboration with government and other NGOs that are working for the environement and the development of the agriculture segment in the country. Summary of marketing strategies. Nepal Recycling company aims to provide composts to customers at a price far way cheaper than the chemical fertilizers being sold in the local market. Mission Nepal Recycling company’s mission is to provide the highest quality composts . WE exist to attract and maintain local farmers and agro-industrialist. When we attain the most of the market share, we tend to move towards profit maximization and go towards globalization of our product through brand. Marketing Objectives * Improve the local farmers perception on compost uses and its advantages * Increase the amount of compost market share in the country * Maintain a slow ascend profit margin * To educate the country about waste management and the advantages of organic wastes Target Markets * Local farmers * fertilizer manufacturers * nurseries * landscapers * government agencies * golf courses Marketing Mix Nepal Recycling Company is comprised of the following approaches to pricing. ,distribution, advertising and promotion and customer services. * Pricing : The cheapest high quality compost in comparison to other chemical fertilizers * Distribution: The products will be manufactured in the recycling plant while the selling will be done with the help of agriculture retailers and government aids. * Advertising and promotion: We will require advertisements , sales promotions and government references to local farmers through different agricultural banks and NGOS working for the welfare of the agriculture. Customer Service: The customer service in the context of our product will be to educate people different information regarding the use of composts against the chemical fertilizers . And also educate about different agriculture information II Situational Analysis The Recycling Industry 1. History Recycling has been a common practice for most of human history, with recorded ad vocates as far back as Plato in 400  BC. During periods when resources were scarce, archaeological studies of ancient waste dumps show less household waste (such as ash, broken tools and pottery)—implying more waste was being recycled in the absence of new material. In pre-industrial times, there is evidence of scrap bronze and other metals being collected in Europe and melted down for perpetual reuse. [4] In Britain dust and ash from wood and coal fires was collected by ‘dustmen’ and downcycled as a base material used in brick making. The main driver for these types of recycling was the economic advantage of obtaining recycled feedstock instead of acquiring virgin material, as well as a lack of public waste removal in ever more densely populated areas. In 1813, Benjamin Law developed the process of turning rags into ‘shoddy’ and ‘mungo’ wool in Batley, Yorkshire. This material combined recycled fibres with virgin wool. The West Yorkshire shoddy industry in towns such as Batley and Dewsbury, lasted from the early 19th century to at least 1914. Industrialization spurred demand for affordable materials; aside from rags, ferrous scrap metals were coveted as they were cheaper to acquire than was virgin ore. Railroads both purchased and sold scrap metal in the 19th century, and the growing steel and automobile industries purchased scrap in the early 20th century. Many secondary goods were collected, processed, and sold by peddlers who combed dumps, city streets, and went door to door looking for discarded machinery, pots, pans, and other sources of metal. By World War I, thousands of such peddlers roamed the streets of American cities, taking advantage of market forces to recycle post-consumer materials back into industrial production. [5] Beverage bottles were recycled with a refundable deposit at some drink manufacturers in Great Britain and Ireland around 1800, notably Schweppes. An official recycling system with refundable deposits was established in Sweden for bottles in 1884 and aluminium beverage cans in 1982, by law, leading to a recycling rate for beverage containers of 84–99 percent depending on type, and average use of a glass bottle is over 20 refills. (The above mentioned details are abstract from wikipedia. com ) Current Scenario Some people dump their organic wastes into farm so that they get some fertilizers for their agriculture. While the papers, plastics are burnt and metal scraps are stored. But people have started selling the papers ,glass , plastics and metal scraps to the people coming to house doors collecting for it. The so called â€Å"khaali sisi bottle wallas† pay a small amount for the wastes they take in. They collect wastes in huge quantity and are exported to India where they get recycled and new products are produced in turn and sold to Nepal again in expensive prices. As population is soring up in the urban areas with the amount of human sludge and other wastes such as papers, glass, plastics and metal scraps. As the area for land fills are being filled up and there are no more places . The human sludge is directly dumped into rivers and ponds. The organic wastes from homes are also located into nearby open places. The country has not moved towards the concept of recycling and very few companies are into the â€Å"Go Green â€Å" concept and use recycled products from other sources. Also there are small companies who collect waste materials such as paper, glass, plastics and metals , but are taken to India for recycling. The products are then distributed from India only. Growth Potential The potential for the growth of the recycling industry is very high and flexible. With the availability of waste materials as input, the industry can grow soon and the products as well can be sold easily as the nation is also moving towards â€Å"Go Green † concept. As products such as fertilizers are becoming very very expensive, the compost produced from the industry can be of a great use viz price and quality. As chemical fertilizers are also continuous depleting the soil quality, the organic fertilizer or compost can help the farmers into their productivity. So there is a great potential for growth. Also with the growing number of other industry such as plastic, glass(esp. bottlers companies, brewery and distillery ), metal industries, the availability of raw materials can reduce their operation cost and provide the people of Nepal with cheaper products and also help the economy of the country by exporting recycled products because the whole world is using recycled products. Nepal Recycling Company History Nepal Recycling Company was established in 2012 AD . Its aim is to help the country in rising the economy as well as the management of waste materials. It recycles waste materials and helps manage the wastes and puts the country to a cleaner environment. While producing recycled products, it can help boom country’s manufacturing industries roviding products in the form of raw matireials or finished goods. Scope of business There is a big scope of this business to bloom. The products for the company for now compost and recycled papers have a easily reachable market. It would take some years to capture the market for both the compost and the paper industry. Compost can be packed as a branded fertilizer and papers can be manufactured as high quality materials and sold in the same brand. The compost is readily required for every farmers so there is a huge probability for it to flourish in the market. While paper products markets can be made to the same organization from where the waste papers were brought from. Current state and growth The company so far is in its growth stage. It is trying to capture the market share providing the highest quality compost in the country. There is a scope for the company to grow to earn huge amount of profits and also establish itself as a brand product and also mark up as an international quality product. |Due to the growing concept of organic products, there is a huge amount of market sustainability . Profitability The company currently is operating at low profitability rate . Its capital has been gained from government funds and other donors. So, the main scope right now of the company is social awareness and to capture the market. However the company will focus on increasing the profitability within the next 4 years. Competenece in various areas Strengths Starting a business in the recycling industry proves to be a profitable business because the potentials still remain untapped and it is an evergreen niche. recycling itself is a broad niche and making substantial profits from a recycling business in a country like Nepal where waste management is a impossible thing. We have plenty of waste materials that can be used as input for our plants. The human sludge which at present is dumped directly into the rivers can be directed directly to our recycling plants. We can also charge money from the home consumers for taking in their organic wastes. The recycling business will prove profitable because there is a high demand for recycled products from manufacturing companies; who are looking to drive down production costs, since using recycled packaging materials is cheaper than acquiring new ones. Challenges * It is capital intensive – but can be started on a small scale. * High cost of recycling equipments and machines. * It takes massive amount of effort to gather waste local sites and other places. However, you can choose to outsource this process while concentrating on your core competence; which is recycling. SWOT Analysis Strengths| Weakness| 1. Low price2. Environment Friendly3. Low resource consumption4. Less garbage in the society| 1. Unavailability of Machinery2. Lack of Human expertise in recycling 3. People may not accept this product if we do not rightly market it. 4. lack of markets for collected materials5. lack of funding for recycling6. poor participation by residents in material collection. Opportunities| Threats| 1. Employment Opportunities2. Demand Supply Gap, creates a room for our business3. Purchasing power of the people will be increased so they will favour our products. | 1. Firms may react on this establishmentand may negatively affect ourprofitability and sustainability| Potential Marketing Problems The country has 90% of the population making up a living on agriculture. With increased demand and competition, people have started using their productivity using chemical fertilizers. Educating people on the use of organic fertilizers such as compost on the current scenario can be difficult. With people wanting more productivity, it can be a hefty task to make the people swift over to composts. With people into traditional farming, they have their own methods of organic composts and which is free of costs to them. Making them buy the same feature products with a price will take a heavy amount of risks. As well, the government is providing chemical fertilizers at very subsidized rate . The government itself can resist the sale of our product . How to cite Marketing Plan for Compost in Nepal, Papers

Capital Budgeting As It Enables Manager †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Capital Budgeting As It Enables Manager? Answer: Introduction Capital budgeting is an important technique used for the purpose of project planning. It involves evaluation of large investments as it requires deployment of huge funds to start a project. The overall profitability of all the alternative plans is considered to make an investment in the project. The risks and the returns on the investments are critically analysed and based on which rankings are allotted to each and every potential project plan. To make an assessment of risks involved in a particular project different techniques can be used such as sensitivity analysis, simulation analysis or the scenario analysis. These techniques are explained below in details. Sensitivity Analysis Sensitivity analysis is also called as What-If analysis. This is an important technique used in capital budgeting as it enables the project manager to determine the projects feasibility if some of the key variables out of the entire set of input parameters such as sales, variable cost, life of the asset, discounting factor etc. gets deviated from the expected value (Gotze, Northcott Schuster, 2016). In capital budgeting, decisions accounting whether to invest in a particular project plan or not depends upon the Net Present Value of the total cash flows of the project therefore sensitivity analysis is done in NPV terms (Cao Wan, 2017).The analysis is carried by making a change in one variable while holding the other variables as constant. Technique of sensitivity analysis is widely used by the project managers for the reason that it helps in examining the sensitivity of a project to the changes in input variables (Edmans, Jayaraman Schneemeier, 2017). Following are some of the key uses of the above explained technique: Helpful in making relevant and significant decisions. This tool aids to understand the projects behaviour if there are variations in the key areas. It also helps to assess and analyse the risk involved in any business plan or strategy. It compels the project manager to identify the key variables which can affect the cash flow level. Despite of many uses, sensitivity analysis proves to be an unreliable tool of capital budgeting in certain circumstances. Information not decision: The technique of sensitivity analysis provides the users with the information for capital budgeting decisions but it does not provide the actual decision which managers requires to take( Ross et al., 2010). Focus on variables not their probability: Sensitivity analysis only keeps it focus on the key parameters that may get deviated from the expected values but does not determine the probability of occurrence of those variations (Saltelli, 2007). Unreasonable assumptions: this analysis is based on the assumption that the key variables are independent of each other, when in actual life they are not. Simulation Analysis This method is used to analyse the risk involved in business while making capital budgeting decision with the help of a logical and mathematical model. It uses a series of random but related situations which are possible if there occurs some variations (Baker English, 2011). Simulation techniques helps in representation of actual decision making under different situations so as to identify the possible courses of action. This tool provides a reasonable method to reach at an appropriate decision while dealing with the real world management situations which are complex enough to be solved. This tool has its own pros and cons which are as follows: Pros The simulation technique avoids the rigidity factor as it can adjusted to incorporate several variations in the processes. It helps in strategic planning for any business The hit and trial runs conducted under this technique avoids the need of experimenting the ideas on new equipment and machineries. This technique is easier than the other decision making problems. Cons This technique does not provide accurate solutions. It is not suitable for all the real business problems. Simulation does not offer an optimum solution to the concerned problem but it seek to provide the possible range of outputs for the given inputs (Chiarella Iori, 2002). While using this method the project managers observes the behaviour of the processes experimenting different trial error runs in the same way as they would observe if they had worked on the real problems (Tavare, 2013). Simulation method basically uses two types of models to carry the process of simulation and those models are as follows: Mathematical model: This model uses the numeric values and equations for the representation a real problem. This model has further bifurcations: Deterministic Model: This is used when the exact functional relationship between the inputs and outputs is given. This model actually caries the what if analysis. Probabilistic Model: this model is also known as stochastic model and is used in the case of random variations (Choe, 2016) (Lima, et al., 2017). Physical Model: This model uses physical inputs to test the performance. Like use of prototype model of airplane to determine the characteristics of aerodynamics (Suryani, et al., 2010). This model is expensive enough and therefore need not to be applied to each situation. The most common method of simulation technique is the Monte Carlo method as it a numerical tool used to determine the results of different inputs for a given situation relating to the business of manager. The inputs are given in the form of series of random numbers with different probabilities of occurrence. Breakeven Analysis This analysis entails the determination of level of sales a business is required to achieve in order to cover the cost of conducting the business. This analysis is undertaken to make decisions regarding the price fixation of products manufactured by the company. It explains the dynamic relation between the three main factors of any business, i.e. sales, profit and the total cost and hence it is also called as cost-volume-profit analysis (Gutierrez Dalsted). Breakeven point is the level of sales where the revenues generating from the business meets the total costs of business, leaving the net income as zero. This is situation where company neither attains any profit nor incurs any losses. The finance manager is mainly concerned about this concept as it is very useful in forecasting of profits of the business and the impact of alternative courses of action in business management (Tsorakidis, 2011). To conduct the break even analysis break even charts are being used by the management accountants which indicates the relationship of total variable cost, total fixed cost, total cost and the total revenues of the company. There are certain assumptions on the basis of the critical analysis of breakeven point of sales is undertaken. Following are some of those assumptions: It does not consider semi variable costs. This analysis assumes only fixed and the variable costs as business costs. The product price is assumed to remain same. Sales and production volume of the business are assumed to be same. It also assumes that the variable cost increases with the production at a constant rate. The technology used in production and the efficiency of labour remains constant. The importance of breakeven analysis is that it offers presentation of every minute picture of the structure of profit of any business. This analysis also aids business managers in keep sharp focus on the leverages which can affect the profitability of business. Prime use of breakeven analysis: Determination of margin of safety: margin of safety is the level up to which an organisation can accept decline in its sales before it starts making losses. So break even analysis helps the management in determining the level of profit it generates at different level of sales. Decision making regarding Make or Buy issues: The analysis assists a firm in deciding whether it will be profitable for it to manufacture a product or to buy it from outside market by identifying the breakeven point. Selection of production technique: Breakeven analysis is the simplest way to decide about the deployment of techniques which are most suitable as for lower levels of sales, traditional methods can be used and for higher levels of sales advanced machines may be required. This analysis may help by indicating the costs of alternative production techniques. Despite of several uses of the breakeven analysis there are still some of the issues which makes the analysis ineffective. They are as follows: While analysing everything such is kept constant whereas in practical situation it is not so. Breakeven analysis ignores the non-financial factors such as changes in the technology, management style improvements etc. as it only considers level of output as the reason for profit. Ignorance of taxations in this analysis also makes it unsuitable for the corporates which have higher tax obligations. As it is primarily based on accounting data which may not be accurate enough to take decisions so it becomes unreasonable to use this technique. Scenario Analysis This analysis is used to estimate the anticipated value of a portfolio of investments at the end of a particular period. As from the above research it can be demonstrated that the sensitivity analysis deals only with the variation of only one parameter at a time to observe the impact on profitability of the company as a result of the change (Kalyebara and Islam, 2014).However, to critically analyse the risk, change in more than one variable must be considered at a time so as to examine the overall behaviour of projects outcome. Scenario analysis helps in providing the aid to the above issue. This technique basically emphasises on identifying the extent to which the project can turn down in the worst scenarios. Also, it seek to identify the worst and the best case scenarios in order to consider the entire range of possible results (Erdmann Hilty, 2010). To reach the the worst and best scenarios the analysis starts with the base case. This technique of analysing the scenarios is used to estimate the changes in the value of portfolio as a result of occurrence of unfavourable events. The scenarios that are considered in this analysis can be in relation to a unique variable like a success or failure factor of a project plan or several factors in combination for example project results in combination of changes in the technologies or consumer tastes and preferences (Xuan Yue, 2017). Although the simulation analysis seems to be simple enough, it requires some critical functions to be undertaken to carry out the analysis: The identification of factors based on which the set-up of scenarios will be made. The factors may vary from firm to firm. Determination of number of case scenarios to analyse each factor. In general three scenarios are used which are the best, average and the worst case scenario. Placing emphasise on the most critical factors. Allocation of probabilities to each and every scenario that was built at the earlier stage. Scenario analysis provides the extended solutions to the risk analysis in comparison to the sensitivity analysis. Rather than considering the sensitivity of a project to the variability of input parameters, the scenario analysis also focuses on the distribution of probability to different variables. These probabilities are allocated to the scenarios to calculate the expected value. Conclusion From the above research it can be concluded that all the capital budgeting techniques possess their own advantages but still suffers some limitations which makes them unreasonable to be applied by the project managers in certain situations. A project manager needs to apply requisite skills and knowledge to conduct the analysis under the above explained techniques. As these techniques of capital budgeting does not provide the managers with the firm decision they are required to interpret the information provided by the analyses. However, the case of breakeven analysis is slightly different as it provides the exact results the company must achieve in order to cover the total costs. Breakeven charts are also easy to interpret the desirable targets which are to be achie References: Baker, H. and English, P., 2011.Capital Budgeting Valuation. Somerset: Wiley. Cao, X.R. and Wan, X., 2017. Sensitivity analysis of nonlinear behavior with distorted probability. management Finance,27(1), pp.115-150. Chiarella, C. and Iori, G., 2002. A simulation analysis of the microstructure of double auction markets*.Quantitative finance,2(5), pp.346-353. Choe, G. H., 2016, Stochastic Analysis for Finance with Simulations, Springer International Publishing, Switzerland. De Lima, J.D., Trentin, M.G., Oliveira, G.A., Batistus, D.R. and Setti, D., 2017. Systematic Analysis of Economic Viability with Stochastic Approach: A Proposal for Investment. InEngineering Systems and Networks(pp. 317-325). Springer, Cham. Edmans, A., Jayaraman, S. and Schneemeier, J., 2017. The source of information in prices and investment-price sensitivity.Journal of Financial Economics. Erdmann, L. and Hilty, L.M., 2010. Scenario analysis.Journal of Industrial Ecology,14(5), pp.826-843. Gotze, U., Northcott, D. and Schuster, P., 2016.INVESTMENT APPRAISAL. Springer International Publishing, Berlin. Gutierrez. P. Dalsted, N., n.d, Break-Even Method of Investment Analysis, Colorado State University, available at https://extension.colostate.edu/docs/pubs/farmmgt/03759.pdf (viewed on 15-09-2017). Kalyebara, B. and Islam, S., 2014.Corporate Governance, capital marketing, and capital budgeting. Dordrecht: Physica-Verlag. Ross, S., Traylor, R., Bird, R., Westerfield, R. Jordan, B., 2010. Essentials of corporate finance, edn 2nd, McGraw-Hill Education. Saltelli, A. 2007,Sensitivity analysis in practice. Chichester: John Wwiley and Sons. Suryani, E., Chou, S.Y., Hartono, R. and Chen, C.H., 2010. Demand scenario analysis and planned capacity expansion: A system dynamics framework.Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory,18(6), pp.732-751. Tavare, N.S., 2013.Industrial crystallization: process simulation analysis and design. Springer Science Business Media. Tsorakidis, N., Papadoulos, S., Zerres, M. and Zerres, C., 2011.Break-Even Analysis. Bookboon. Xuan, Y. and Yue, Q., 2017. Scenario analysis on resource and environmental benefits of imported steel scrap for Chinas steel industry.Resources, Conservation and Recycling,120, pp.186-198